Brachychiton

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B. acerifolius
Plant Info
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Scientific classification
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Species
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Brachychiton (Kurrajong, Bottletree) is a genus of 31 species of trees and large shrubs, native to Australia (the centre of diversity, with 30 species), and New Guinea (one species). Fossils from New South Wales and New Zealand are estimated to be 50 million years old, corresponding to the Tertiary.

They grow to 4 – 30m tall, and some are dry-season deciduous. Several species (though not all) are pachycaul plants with a very stout stem for their overall size, used to store water during periods of drought. The leaves show intraspecific variation and generally range from entire to deeply palmately lobed with long slender leaflet-like lobes joined only right at the base. Their sizes range from 4 – 20cm long and wide.

All species are monoecious with separate male and female flowers on the same plant. The flowers have a bell-shaped perianth consisting of a single series of fused lobes which is regarded as a calyx despite being brightly coloured in most species. The female flowers have five separate carpels that can each form a woody fruit containing several seeds. The flower colour is often variable within species. Eastern forest species drop their foliage before flowering but those of the dryer regions carry the flowers while in leaf.

The name Brachychiton is derived from the Greek brachys, short, and chiton, tunic, in referring to its loose seed coats. The generic name is often misconstrued as being of neuter gender, with the specific names then incorrectly amended. Thus B. rupestre and B. populneum are sometimes seen in horticultural books and magazines.

A Flame tree's inflorescence

Kurrajong is an Aboriginal word for "fibre-yielding-plant" and refers to the use of bark from many of these trees for weaving nets, ropes and baskets. A few Kurrajong species are popular garden trees and have been introduced to hot dry regions including the Mediterranean, South Africa and the western United States. These species are also hybridised for horticultural purposes, B. populneo-acerifolius being one example. Kurrajongs are however irregular flowerers.

Selected species

Brachychiton acuminatus Brachychiton acerifolius – Illawarra flame tree, Flame kurrajong, Couramyn Brachychiton albidus Brachychiton australis – Broad-leaved bottletree, Large-leaved kurrajong Brachychiton bidwillii – Little kurrajong, Pink lacebark Brachychiton carruthersii Brachychiton chilligoensis Brachychiton collinus Brachychiton compactus Brachychiton discolor – Scrub bottletree, Queensland lacebark, Pink flame tree, White kurrajong Brachychiton diversifolius Brachychiton fitzgeraldianus Brachychiton garrawayae Brachychiton grandiflorus

Brachychiton gregorii – Desert kurrajong Brachychiton incanus Brachychiton megaphyllus Brachychiton muellerianus Brachychiton obtusilobus Brachychiton paradoxus – Red-flowered kurrajong Brachychiton populneus – Lacebark kurrajong, White-flower kurrajong, Bottle tree, Black kurrajong, Northern kurrajong Brachychiton rupestris – Queensland bottle tree, Narrow-leaf bottletree, Queensland kurrajong Brachychiton spectabilis Brachychiton tridentatus Brachychiton tuberculatus – Meayacka Brachychiton velutinosus – Brush kurrajong Brachychiton vitifolius Brachychiton xanthophyllus

References

• Guymer, G.P. (1988) A taxonomic revision of Brachychiton (Sterculiaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 1: 199-323.
• Macoboy, S. (1991) What tree is that?, ISBN 1 86302 1310

External references

• Note on fossil age, Big Scrub Rainforest
• Notes on Fossil Leaves, Stewart R. Hinsley, 2005