Prunus serrulata

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Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

Prunus serrulata, Lindl. (Cerasus serrulata, Don. C. serratifolia, Carr. Prunus Pseudo-Cerasus, Hort., not Lindl. P. mutabilis, Miyoshi, in part.) Japanese Flowering Cherry. Large tree, long in cult., but, like other Japanese and Chinese cherries, little known in Amer. : lvs. large (3-6 in. long and 2 in. or more broad), oval, ovate to obovate, abruptly long-acuminate, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, deep green, the prominent teeth short-aristate; petiole glabrous, glandless or with 1 or 2 small glands near apex: fls. white, not fragrant, semi-double, in a large glabrous infl., appearing with lvs. or just preceding them, in 3-5-fld. clusters on short or long peduncles, the bracts large, fimbriate, the pedicels to 1 in. long; calyx-tube glabrous, the ovate- acute lobes or sepals mostly exceeding the tube; style glabrous: fr. size of small pea, black. China, Japan, Korea. G.C. III. 7:609; 19:467. Gn. 56:300. A.G. 12:399.—This showy species occurs in cult, in many forms, with fls. whitish or pink and otherwise variable, often under the name of P. Pseudo-Cerasus. A very double pink and rather small-fld. form is forma rosea Wilson (f. Shidare-Sakura, Koehne). Var. spontanea, Wilson, is a wild form in China, Korea, and Japan, with single white or pink fls. about 1/2in, across, and lvs. greenish brown to reddish brown when unfolding. This form is also cult, in the Orient. It makes a tree to 75 ft. high and 12 ft. in girth. Formae of this variety are f. humilis, Wilson, bush or small tree with pale fls. and rather glaucous under surface of lvs., the peduncle elongated, cult, in Japan; f. Kosioyama, Wilson, fls. single, pinkish, lvs. slightly hairy on upper surface of midrib, cult, in Japan and intro. in this country; f. praecox, Wilson, fls. single and rather small, pale pink, blooming in late winter in Japan, and also intro. in this country. Var. pubescens, Wilson (P. tenuiflora, P. Leveilleana, P. mesadenia, P. Veitchii, P. vero- cunda, Koehne. P. quelpaertensis, Nakai). Lvs. pale green below and more or less sparsely pubescent, the petiole somewhat bearded, and pedicels pubescent: fls. single, white or pink. China, Korea, Japan; said by Wilson to have the widest distribution of any Japanese cherry, and it is there cult., and forms of it have been intro. in this country. Wilson recognizes the following formae of this variety: sancta (Meigetsu), lvs. slightly villous above and pale beneath, the fls. single, white changing to pale pink; Shibayama, fls. single and pink, of little horticultural value; Taizanfukun, first described under this species, is now referred by Wilson to P. yedoensis. Var. sachalinensis, Makino (P. Pseudo-Cerasus var. sachalinensis, F. Schmidt. P. sachalinensis, Koidz. P. Sargentii, Rehd. P. floribunda, Koehne). Fig. 3240. Large tree attaining a height, in its native places, of 60-80 ft. with trunk 9-13 ft. in girth and head 30-50 ft. across, producing valuable wood: bark reddish and lustrous; older branches chestnut-brown. lvs. large, oval or ovate, abruptly slenderly acuminate, coarsely sharp-toothed, glabrous and lustrous, turning to crimson and yellow in autumn, mostly with glands on petiole or base of blade: fls. 2-4, very showy, rose-pink, appearing before the lvs., simple (not double), light rose-color, about 1 1/2 in. across, the pedicels slender, to 1 1/2in long and with glandular serrate bracts or involucre; petals obovate and emarginate; calyx-lobes ovate- lanceolate, acute, entire; stamens 20-25: fr. size of pea, bright red and becoming black and shining at maturity. June. N. Japan, Saghalin, Korea. B.M. 8411. G.C. III. 19:517; 55:346. G.F. 10:463 (shown reduced in Fig. 3240).—A tree of great ornamental value, hardy in N. Y. and Mass., bearing profusely of its handsome broad fls. From P. serrulata it is distinguished by its broader more coarsely serrate lvs., of which the serra- tures are scarcely pointed: lvs. glabrous, bronze- metallic green when unfolding, becoming yellow, orange, and crimson in autumn: serration simple and double on same lf., the teeth gland-tipped and mucronato or aris- tate: fls. appearing with the lvs. or slightly in advance, 1/2-1 3/4in. across, rose, pink, or nearly white. The forms of var. sachalinensis comprise some of the hardiest and best of the flowering cherries of Cent, and N. Japan. Of this important and very worthy variety, the following formae; are recognized by Wilson, most of which have been intro. into N. Amer, recently and all of which are named flowering cherries of Japan: Benden, pale pink single, or nearly single fls., of small horticultural value; Hakkasan, fls. pale pink, single or nearly so, of little value; albo-rosea (P. Pseudo-Cerasus, var. Shirofugen, Spaeth), fls. pink in bud and changing to white as they expand, bearing 2 leafy green carpels in the center, handsome; Fugenzo (P. Pseudo-Cerasus, G.C. III. 19:517. P. Pseudo-Cerasus var. James Veitch, Gt. 51:497. P. serrulata f. Veitchiana, Koehne), one of the handsomest and known in cult, as James H. Veitch, with rose-pink fls. bearing 2 leafy carpels in center; Hisakura, fls. pale pink, double, one of the handsomest ; Horinji (Cerasus Juliana flore roseo pleno, Carr. R.H. 1874, p. 20. C. Caproniana flore roseo pleno, Van Houtte. F.S. 21:2238), fls. in clusters, pale pink and semi-double;fasciculata (Itokukuri), fls. double pink, clustered at ends of shoots; Kirin, late-flowering, with large very double rose-colored fls., one of the best; homogena (Kokonaye), fls. pink, long- pedicelled and usually short-peduncled, double or semi-double, pink; Masuyama, a fine form with double rose-pink fls.; Ohnanden, a fine form with rose-pink double or semi-double fls.; Sekiyama, late, with large double rich rose-colored fls., thought by Wilson to be "the handsomest of all Japanese double-fld. cherries;" superba (Shogetsu), rather late, good, very large, double, pale pink, long- pedicelled; Shujaku, fls. borne in great profusion, double, rose-pink; spiralis (Udzuzakura), a good form producing pink double fls. freely near ends of branches, with short peduncle and long pedicels. CH The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

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References

• Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

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