Nuts
See also: List of edible nuts
| Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture |
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Aesculus hippocastanum. Horse-chestnut. Hippocastanaceae. Inedible seeds, about equal in size to the largest of the European chestnuts, but less regular in form and having a somewhat stronger and more shining shell. Borne in a one^ to three-celled prickly pod. The fruit of an ornamental tree familiar in the North Temperate Zone, of both the Old World and the New. Aleurites spp. Wood-oil Nuts of China and Japan. Lumbang of the Philippines. Candle-Nut of the tropics. Tahiti. Spanish, or Country Walnut. Euphorbiaceae. Irregularly rounded to spheroidal nuts, from 1 to 2 inches in diameter, ranging in color from mottled gray to nearly black, and having a hard but brittle shell, about ⅛ inch in thickness. Borne in fruits, 2 or 3 inches in diameter, containing about five nuts each. From the kernels of these nuts, which are considered edible only from certain species, and when half-ripe and roasted, there is obtained a valuable oil, known as country walnut oil, artists' oil, kekune (Ceylon), or kukui (Sandwich Islands) oil. Used medicinally, this oil has strong purgative properties; more largely, it is used in paints and varnishes, where it is said to have a very quick-drying and hardening effect. The cake which remains after the oil has been expressed is used as a cattle-food and as a fertilizer. To a large extent, the nuts are strung on the fibers of a palm leaf and used as an illuminant by the natives where the species are grown. The genus is native to the milder parts of the North Temperate, and the northern portion of the Tropical Zone of the Orient. The Office of Foreign Heed and Plant Introduction has introduced the wood-oil trees into the southern states and California, where their culture promises to become an important industry. The following list includes the more important species and several of the common names by which the fruits are known: A. Fordii, Chinese wood-oil nut, tung yu; A. molluccana (A. triloba), candle- nut, Spanish walnut, Tahiti, or country walnut, kukui of Hawaii; A, montana, Mu-yu wood-oil. Anacardium occidentale. Cashew. Cachew. Acajou. Caja. Cajou. Monket-nut. Anacardiaceae. Kidney-shaped nuts, an inch or more long, by about ⅞ wide and more than ½ inch in thickness, with a double outer shell between which is an oily, dark brownish fluid, very acrid and possessing extremely poisonous properties similar to those of poisons ivy and sumac, to which the species is closely related. The outer shell is smooth and ivory-like in appearance, rigid and tough but thin and easily cut. The kernels are firm, sweet, and very agreeable when roasted. The nuts are formed on the end of a fleshy pear-shaped pedicel. Figs- 33, 192, Vol. I. Cashew-nuts.- do not appear in the market until after the poisonous properties have been entirely dispelled by roasting and the wholesome kernels have been separated from the shells. The species is native to the West Indies. It is now cultivated to a very large extent throughout the American tropics, both north and south of the equator. Apios tuberosa. Groundnut. Wild Bean. Leguminosae. The numerous, dark brown, fleshy tubers from 1 to 2 inches in length, by 1 to 1½ inches in diameter, and of somewhat irregular, oval or rounded form, which are borne on the rootstocks of an elegant twining perennial. Little use is made of these tubers, although they are said to have a rich nutty flavor when properly prepared. The species is native to lowlands of the eastern part of the United States, from Pennsylvania on the north, to Georgia on the south. Fig. 233. Arachis hypogaea. Peanut. Goober, Pindar. Groundnut. Ground Pea. Manila-nut. Monkey-nut. Leguminosae. Familiar straw-colored, oblong nuts, with thin fibrous, papery shells, rounded at the ends, and constricted at the middle, common at all fruit-stands. They are the seeds of a low-growing annual which pushes its pods under ground while they are maturing. Extensively cultivated in the southern part of the United States and elsewhere that seasons permit. The constriction at the middle forma a partition between the two end chambers, each of which contains a single nutritious kernel. These are most commonly oaten when roasted, although to a large extent they are used when raw or boiled. The nuts are very rich in a valuable oil, useful in cooking and in the making of salads. Areca Catechu. Betel-nut. Areca-nut. Pinang. Palmaceae. Fig. 2539. The seed of an eastern tropical palm, which in size, general character and color much resembles the ordinary nutmeg, in form the "nuts" are not unlike the acorns of white oak, except that they are more rounded at the apex. To an enormous extent, betel-nuts arc dipped in lime, wrapped in betel leaves (Piper betle) and chewed by the natives of the tropics, especially of India and the Philippines. The effect of betel-chewing is much the same as that of tobacco-chewing in this country. Fig. 367. Attalea Cohune. Cohune-nut. Cahoun-nut. Palmaceae. The oval or fusiform seeds of the cohune palm of Central America- Typical specimens measure from 2 to 2½ inches in length, by about 1½ inches in greatest diameter. Within the shell, which is fully ⅛ inch in diameter and very hard, is a single elliptical kernel. Cohune- nut oil has long been used in the manufacture of soap and as an adulterant for coconut oil. At present "There is practically an unlimited demand for all of these (palm) oils in the European margarin trade, whore they are now preferred to oleo oil and neutral lard as a hardening ingredient."—"Daily Consular and Trade Reports," June 27,1914. Attalea funifera. Coquilla-nut. Palmaceae. Seeds of a rich brown color, 3 or 4 inches long, oval and of very hard texture. Used as a substitute for ivory in the manufacture of door-knobs, umbrella handles, buttons and various other commodities of the household. From a lofty South American palm. Fruits borne in large clusters. Bassia latifolia (madhuca indica). Illipe- or illupe-Nut. Sapotoceae. The Iong-oval, smooth-surfaced, coffee-colored seed of a tree native to the East Indies. Typical seeds measure approximately 1 ½ in ches in length by ½ inch in diameter. According to the Doily Consular and Trade Reports," "Illipe-nuts are used to manufacture an edible oil similar to lard." This report further says: "There are two crops a year, one large and one small. The large crop is now (August 12) nearly finished and a new crop will come in from March to June, 1912.” Bertholletia excelsa. Brazilnut. Butternut. Nigger-Toe. Cream-nut. Para- Nut. Castanea or Castana (corruption of "Castanha," Portuguese word for chestnut). Juvia-Nut. Myrtaceae. The seeds of certain very large, uncultivated trees, common to great areas of the river-bottom sections of northern Brazil. Grown in a spherical or pear-shaped capsule of 2½ or 3 inches in diameter, having a hard, woody, outer wall, within which are encased from eighteen to twenty-four of the nuts. The capsule is covered with a dark brown outer husk greatly resembling that of the walnut. The nuts which are sharply triangular, measure from 1½ to 2 or more inches in length, by½ to 1 inch in greatest diameter. They have a single, solid kernel, sweet and very good, which is protected by a somewhat rough, rigid but thin shell, to which it often closely adheres. Fig. 543. Received into this country for consumption in enormous quantities during the months of spring and early summer, and held in storage until the following season. Brosimum alicastrum (Piratinera Alicastrum). Bread-nut of Jamaica. Moraceae. The small roundish, yellow or brownish seeds, an inch or loss in diameter, of a large tropical American tree. These seeds are borne singly or sometimes two in a thin paper-like, but stout shell, with smooth and somewhat granular surface. They are edible only after cooking or roasting. Bunium bulbocastanum. Lousy-nut. Earth-nut. Earth- Chestnut. Hawk-nut. Kipper-nut. Pig-Nut. Ar-nuts. Yer-nuts. Jur-Nurs. Umbelliferae. Small nut-like tubers which form on the roots of plants of this species. They have a sweetish taste and are eaten by children, cither raw or roasted. Rather too acid for adults unless roasted. From western Europe. Butyrospermum parkii. Shea-nut. Sapotaceae. The shea-nut is the seed of an extensive African tree (butter tree) which according to Consul W. J. Yerby, "Daily Consular and Trade Reports," in Sierra Leone, British Africa, grows to a height of over 40 feet. "The nut," he says, "is of about the size and shape of a walnut, but is covered with a smooth skin resembling that of a Spanish chestnut, which can be pulled off in the same way when fresh. Inside this skin is a soft kernel of a light yellow color when fresh, and chocolate color when dry, which contains a large proportion of fatty material, that when extracted is called shea butter. "The outside fleshy pulp, whose weight is approximately equal to that of the nut, rots away in time and splits, leaving the nut exposed. The natives hasten its removal by burying the freshly gathered fruit in a pit for some days. The nuts, divested of their outer covering (pulp), are dried, either by being placed in the sun for about twelve days or by heating in an earth oven. In this process the nut loses 30 to 40 per rent of its weight. The skin is removed and the kernel remains. The shea-butter content of the decorticated kernel is 40 to 60 per cent of this weight of the kernel." Regarding this butter, Yerby continues that "Purified shea- butter is edible and suitable for use in the preparation of artificial butter by chocolate manufacturers, etc., and the principal European demand will be for this purpose." Shea-butter in used in the making of certain soaps but according to Yerby, "The high percentage of free fatty acids renders shea- butter unsuitable as a lubricant." Calodendrum capensis (Pallasia capensis). Cape Chestnut. Wild Chestnut. Hutaceae. The shining black, irregularly rounded, and somewhat wedge-shaped, seed of a subtropical tree of southern Africa, of about ¾inch in length. These seeds have a stout but thin shell and a single farinaceous kernel, which resembles somewhat the texture of a chestnut. Cultivated mainly as an ornamental. Canarium luzonicum. Pili (Pee-Lee)-Nut. Philippine-nut. Luzon-nut. Java Almond. Phillo-nut. Burseraceae. Fig. 2539. The smooth, hard-shelled, triangular seed of a tree native to the Philippine and other Pacific Inlands of the far East, which has recently become very common in the American markets, sometimes separate, but more often in "mixed" nuts. The natural color of these nuts is a light brown, varying somewhat on different parts of the nut. As oftenest seen in the market, it is of a uniform reddish color, given it by an artificial dye, which may readily be detected with a moistened finger. These nuts are inclined to be slender, sometimes attaining a length of 2½ inches and a middle diameter of but ¾ to ⅞ of an inch, though sometimes they are short and blunt-pointed with about the same diameter. Typical specimens taper gracefully from near the middle into long, sharp-pointed ends. Inside the shells, which are exceedingly difficult to crack, are single kernels said to be of excellent quality in good specimens, but which as commonly appear in our markets are well below that of most other nuts. The use to which pili-nuts arc most commonly put is that of food, but it is said that to a more or less important extent, they are used in the manufacture of certain kinds of baby foods, emulsions, and the like. Carya spp. Hickory-Nuts. Juglandaceae. The seeds of one of the most important groups of American trees, representative species of which are indigenous to nearly every section of the central, eastern and southeastern parts of the United States. With the exception of a few which are very astringent, the nuts of all species are edible; some being among the choicest nuts of the market. Of the bolter known species, with the exception of the nuts of the pecan (Carya Pecan) and of the water-hickory, or bitter pecan (C. aquatica), hickory-nuts as a rule arc inclined to be globular in form, sometimes of smooth surface, or with but faint ridges, but very often with sharp ridges and therefore distinctly angular. The color range of hickory-nuts includes almost white, creamy white, and light or dark brown, with gradations between. The shells vary in thickness from extreme paper-like thinness, characteristic of certain varieties of pecans, to extreme thickness and hardness, common with the mocker-, or bull-nut (C. alba). The kernels are formed in two distinct halves or cotyledons, separated from each other by a partition which may be thick, thin or papery, hard or corky, or a variation of any of these. The following list includes the names of the more important species and their common names: C. alba, mocker-nut, bull-nut, big-bud hickory; C. aquatica. water-hickory, bitter pecan; C. cordiformis, bitter-nut, swamp-hickory; C.glabra, pig-nut; C.lacinosa.big shellbark, bottom shellbark, big shagbark, scalybark, king-nut, white walnut; C. myristicaeformis, nutmeg-hickory; C. ovalis, small pignut, false shagbark; C. am/a, shagbark, little shagbark, little shellbark, little scaly bark, white walnut, walnut, tuscatine; C. Pecan, pecan, Illinois-nut. Figs. 823-831; 1836-7. Caryocar spp. Peruvian Almond. Caryocaraceae. Fig 2539. A nut, in many respect resembling the chestnut, from at least certain districts in Peru and western Brazil, which has probably not Ct appeared in this country except in botanical collections. The kernel, which is about equal in size to that of the Brazil-nut, is borne singly in a bur resembling that of a rather small chestnut bur with very short spines, is somewhat kidney-shaped, and has a handsome rich brown color. In fineness of texture and in richness of flavor, this nut is said to excel any other nut of the tropics. It is most highly prized by the natives. Messrs. Bennett, Day & Company, importers in New York, now contemplate the making of inaugural shipments into this country during the coming season (1915-16). There are said to be at least ten species of Caryocar. Of these, two from Guiana, both of which are called Guiana butternuts, are Caryocar butyrosum, pekea-nut, and C. nuciferum, souari or butternut. Castanea spp. Chestnut. Fagaceae. Reddish brown, irregularly obovate, or obconic nuts, ranging in size from ¼ to 2 inches in. greatest thickness, having thin papery shells, and being borne in stiff brown burs, thickly covered with stiff, short or long, Dingle or compound, sharp spines. The fruits of an important genus, -well known in many parts of the North Temperate Zone in both the Old World and the New. Kernels of the small American and Chinese chestnuts, and of the small chinquapins, are of excellent flavor; average European chestnuts are of fairly good flavor, by comparison, while the Japanese chestnuts are usually of very inferior quality, except when boiled, roasted, or otherwise prepared. The names of the principal species bearing nuts of importance are as follows: C. alnifolia, creeping chestnut, southeastern United States; C. crenata, Japan chestnut, Japan; C. dentata, American chestnut, northeastern United States; C. mollissima, Chinese chestnut, China and Korea; C. pumila, chinquapin or dwarf chestnut, eastern and central United States; C. sativa, European, French, Spanish or Italian chestnut, Europe. Figs. 833-835; 911-917. Castanospermum australe. Moreton Bay Chestnut. Australian Chestnut. Leguminosae. Seeds of an Australian plant, much the size of European chestnuts and having a chestnut-like flavor. The nuts which are somewhat rounded, spheroidal or flattened in form, are borne in pods an inch or more in thickness, and 6 or 8 inches in length. To some extent these nuts are roasted and eaten by the natives but are not altogether pleasant. To a limited extent this species has been introduced into southern California, Cocos nucifera. Coconut. Palmaceae. The well-known roundish or oval, nut-like seed, 3 or more inches in diameter, of a palm widely grown throughout all tropics. From the nuts, which are borne incased in very thick fibrous husks, is obtained the world's greatest food-supply. The flesh is wholesome either green or ripe, and either raw or cooked. The milk affords a very refreshing drink and the dried flesh, called "copra," is exported in enormous quantities. Coconut oil is one of the chief articles of export from the tropics. It is used in the manufacture1 of transparent and "marine" soaps. It is also largely used in pharmacy as a substitute for lard because of its less tendency to rancidity. Figs. 1011-1015. Cola acuminata (Cola, or Bichea, acuminata). Cola. Kola.Bissey-Bissy. Korra. Kolla. Gorra. Goora. Gubu. Temperance-Nut or Ombene-nut. Soudan Coffee. Sterculiaceae. The seeds of a large African tree, from which is obtained the stimulating drink, long used in the tropics and now very common as a summer drink in this country. The seeds are borne in long pods, containing from five to twelve seeds each. The cola-nut is described In the "United States Dispensatory," as being "irregular in form, reddish gray in color, from ¾ of an inch to 1¼ inches in length, flattened and rounded upon one surface, irregularly scooped or unfolded upon the other surface, the nut being apparently a cotyledon marked above with another cotyledon which it has embraced." Corylus spp. Hazel-nut. Filbert. Cob-nut. Betulaceae. The seeds of a plant usually of shrubby habit of growth, but with at least one exception (C. Colurna), developing into a large tree, which is well known throughout much of the North Temperate zone in both the Old World and the New. Form globular, short, flattened, or oblong-flattened, the oblong types usually being wedge-shaped at the apex, and all types having a large light colored scar covering the whole of the basal end, marking the point of attachment. In color the hazels somewhat resemble the chestnuts but are of a lighter and more yellowish brown. Within the shell, which is usually thin and easily cracked is a single, dry, tough, or firm kernel, usually of sweet and agreeable flavor. Figs. 1073-1075; 1788. The following include the principal species which are now looked upon as being of cultural importance: C. americana, American hazel, northern United States and Canada; C. californica, California hazel, western United States; C. rostrata, beaked hazel, northern United States and Canada; C. Avellana, European hazel, hazel-nut, nutta[ tree, bread-nut, filbert, filberd, filbeard, philbert or cob-nut, southern Europe; C. Colurna, Constantinople hazel, Asia Minor, China; C'. maxima; (C. tubulosa), Lambert's filbert, Europe. Crescentia cujete. Jicara-nut. Bignoniaceae. According to Fuller, in the "Nut Culturist," the name jicara-nut is applied locally in some of the Central American states, to the fruit of the evergreen calabash tree. Fruits vary greatly in both size and form, some being small and others from 18 to 20 inches in diameter. Some are symmetrical while others are of quite irregular form, but typical specimens are globular. They have a hard outer shell and an inner pulp which supports the seeds. The empty shells are used as drinking vessels and because of their ability to resist fire are considerably used as kottles for culinary purposes. Fig. 1106. Cyperus esculentus. Chufa. Earth Almond. Rush-Nut. Edible Rush. Cyperaceae. The small edible tubers of a sedge plant which, to a considerable extent, are grown in warm climates as a food for swine. Native to southern Europe. For fuller account, see Chufa and Cyperus esculentus in Volume II. Figs. 959; 1194. Durio zibethinus. Durian-nut, Bombacaceae. The seed of a large forest tree of the East Indies and the Malay Peninsula, resembling the American elm somewhat in general appearance. According to Lindley, in "The Treasury of Botany," The fruit varies in shape, being either globular or oval, and measures as much as 10 inches in length; it has a thick hard rind, entirely covered with very- strong sharp prickles, and is divided into five cells, each of which contains from one to four seeds rather larger than pigeon's eggs and completely enveloped in a firm luscious-looking, cream- colored pulp, which is the edible portion of the fruit." Lyons, in "Plant Names, Scientific and Popular," says that the fruit is "delicious in flavor, but of intolerable odor." The seeds are roasted and eaten as are chestnuts. Numerous efforts have been made to establish this plant in Florida but thus far without success, due partly, to the difficulty in shipping the tender plants, and also because of the inability of the species to endure the Florida climate. See also Durio, page 1081; Fig. 1366. Elaeis guincensis. Palm-nut. Palmaceae. The small irregularly formed seeds of a tropical African palm, famous for its production of palm-oil or palm-butter, as it is also called, which is largely used in the manufacture of soap and to some extent as a coloring-matter for oleomargarine. Nuts measure from 1 to 1½ inches in length by about ¾inch in greatest thickness. They are very hard, have a thick ivory-like flesh and a small cavity in the center. The nuts are encased in a fibrous covering which contains the oil. According to the Kew Bulletin, "Three varieties of nut trees are distinguished, having orange, red, and black nuts respectively, the first having the finest oil but small kernels, the others leas oil but large nuts." The oil is extracted by boiling the nuts. Lindley, in the "Treasury of Botany," says that of the shells, which are very hard and capable of taking a high polish, the negroes make rings and other ornamental articles. Euryale ferox. Fox-Nut. Gorgon- (Greek meaning terrible) Nut. Nymplueareae. The spiny-covered edible seeds of a handsome, floating water-plant of eastern India. Believed by the Hindoo physicians to possess certain medicinal properties. It has long been cultivated in China and now to a considerable extent is common in the milder portions of the temperate United States. Fagus grandifolia. American Beech-nut. Fagacceae. Small triangular seeds which in form and general appearance greatly resemble overgrown seeds of buckwheat. In character of shell and in flavor of kernel, beech-nuts greatly resemble the chestnut. Owing to the tediousness of separating the kernel from the shell, these nuts are not so largely harvested as undoubtedly would otherwise be the case. Figs. 1474-5. From the seeds of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica), which also are edible, there is obtained a valuable oil, used as food and in the manufacture of soaps and as an illuminant. Fusanus acuminatus (Mida acuminata). Quandong- or Quandang-Nut. Santalaceae. The spherical, yellowish, rather thick-shelled seeds of an edible Australian tree-fruit called the "native peach." Of about the size of marbles. Surface covered with numerous small but deep pits. Kernel single. The fruit is quite edible and is locally used as a preserve. Gevuina avellana. Chilian-nut. Chile Hazel. Avellano. Proteaceae. Fig. 2539. Small seeds of an evergreen tree from Chile, Globular in form, with smooth, tough shell and a kernel much like that of a hazel in both appearance and flavor. Seeds borne within a coral-red fruit. Cultivated to some extent in California. Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo-Nut. Ginkgoaceae. The oval, creamy white seeds of the ginkgo or maidenhair tree from China and Japan, which, to a considerable extent, is a familiar ornamental tree in temperate America. The nuts measure about ⅞ inch in length, by ⅝ inch in width, by ½ inch in thickness. They have smooth and thin, but stout shells, within which are single green- colored kernels of rather sweetish flavor. When roasted, the kernels ore said to be very palatable and are highly prized by the Chinese. At best, however, ginkgo nuts are inferior to most of the nuts on the market and ore therefore not popular with the American people. Figs. 1640-42. The fruit of the ginkgo considerably resembles that of the native persimmon in color, size and character, but differs from it in that the ginkgo flesh is of a disagreeable odor. Guilandina Bonduc. Nicker. Nickar. Bonduc-Nut or Bezoar-nut. Leguminosae. The blue-gray, irregularly rounded, smooth-surfaced, beautiful seeds of a climbing legume of the tropics. The seeds are somewhat less than an inch in greatest diameter and have very hard shells. They are used as beads and to some extent for medicinal purposes. The species has a very wide distribution caused by the seeds being transported by ocean currents; their imperviousness enabling them to be carried by waves for an indefinite length of time. Hybrid nuts of the family Juglandaceae. Such crosses as the pecan with some other species of hickory; the Persian walnut with some species of black walnut; the eastern American black walnut with one or the other of the California black walnuts are not infrequently met with in nature. The trees resulting from such crosses are very un-uniform in their character and rate of growth, some being extremely slow to develop and others very rapid, while others range between these extremes. A number of the pecan and hickory crosses have attracted considerable attention, because of their vigor of growth and production, but none of commercial importance has yet come to public attention. Such crosses are known as "hicans." The more rapid-growing of the walnut hybrids are much in use as stocks for cions of the Persian walnut of California. Ordinarily the walnut hybrids bear very light crops and the nuts arc of little value. See Juglans. Crosses between the eastern and cither of the California black walnuts are called Royal and those between any of the black and the Persian walnuts are called Paradox. Hyphaene crinita. Hyphaene-Nut. Doum-Nut. Doom-Nut. Dom-nut. Palmaceae. The seeds of a slow-growing African palm. From specimens received at the Office of Seed End Plant Introduction, Department of Agriculture, it appears that there are at least two quite different types of nuts appearing under this name, both of which have been considerably employed as substitutes for the more expensive ivory-nuts (Phytelephas Seemannii) of South America. Nuts of one of these types are of a light yellowish outer color, irregularly jug-shaped, approximately 2 inches thick by 2½ inches long, and covered with a smooth-surfaced fibrous husk H inch thick. Nuts of the other type are somewhat larger, less regular in form, and of a buff-color, but having much the same sort of outer husk and inner characters. The thick wall of pure white, hard flesh within the woody shell of each is used in the making of buttons, but reports from American and German manufacturers are to the effect that buttons of this material are much inclined to warp and shrivel. Inocarpus edulis. Tahitian, South Sea, Fiji, Polynesian, or Otaheite Chestnut. Leguminosae. The seed of a tree native to the South Sea and neighboring islands. Borne singly in flat, fibrous pods, having a smooth outer surface. They are thin and somewhat wedge-shaped. Typical specimens measure approximately 2 by 1¾ by ¾ inches. When prepared by roasting or boiling, these nuts are said to have a chestnut-like flavor. Jatropha Curcas. Physic-nut. French Physic-nut. Barbados-nut. Purging-Nut. Euphorbiaceae. Small, oblong, rounded seeds of about ¾ inch long, 7/16 inch wide, by ⅜ inch thick, of a slatish color, and having a thin strong shell, of a shrubby, tropical American tree. From the kernel, which in white and solid, there is obtained a strong purgative oil (curcas oil) which is also used for illuminating purposes. To some extent, this tree is grown in the warmer parts of the United States, but probably only as an ornamental. Jubaea spectabilis. Coquita-nut. Juba-Nut. Coker-nut. Dwarf Coconut. Monkey's Coconuts. Palmaceae. Small globular nut 1 inch or leas in diameter, having a smooth-surfaced, rather thick and very hard shell, within which is a flesh and open center much like that of the common coconut. The seeds of the wine palm of Chile, Consul Clement S. Edwards, in the "Daily Consular and Trade Reports," says: that "Coquito-nuts {little coconuts) are found in this region (Mexico), but the entire amount gathered is taken by the local soap manufacturies, the managers of which are constantly complaining that they cannot procure sufficient material from this (Acapulco) neighborhood for their needs." Juglans spp. Walnut. Butternut. Juglandaceae. The nuts of a very important group of trees, representative species of which are found in many parts of the world, usually in the temperate cones. To this group, which is closely related to that of the hickories, belongs the well-known Persian, or more commonly called "English" walnut, the California product of which alone is annually worth more than double that of any other nut now grown in this country. As with nuts of the hickory species, the walnuts vary greatly in size, form, thickness of shell, and, except in abnormal cases, which are very rare, the kernels are formed in two distinct halves, or cotyledons. The kernels of both are rich in valuable oils, which doubtless eventually will come into general use in the making of salads and for other purposes of cooking, but which are now used mainly in arts and paints, and as illuminants or lubricants. In color, the walnuts range from the light yellow or orange of the Persian walnut to the dark brown or black, of the black walnut. With the exception of the butternut, or the "white walnut," as it is quite largely known, which is fairly cylindrical, and about one- third longer than thick, and which has a rough sharp-pointed surface, the several species of American walnuts and a number of the foreign walnuts, are spherical or spheroidal in general form. The usual difficulty with which the kernels are separated from the thick shells of the common butternut and black walnuts has prevented the nuts of either species from becoming generally popular on the market. Horticulturally speaking, there are now no recognized varieties of butternuts and but very few of black walnuts. The list which follows includes practically all of the better known species of walnuts with their common names. For fuller accounts of each species, see Volume III: J, australis, Australian black walnut; J. boliviensis, Bolivian black walnut; J. californica, California black walnut (southern type); J. Sieboldiana var. cordiformis, Japanese walnut, heart-nut; J. cinerea, butternut, white walnut; J. !/'. California black walnut (northern type); J. major, Arizona black walnut; J. mandshurica, Japanese walnut, Manchurian walnut; J. nigra, American black or eastern black walnut; J. nigra, Persian, English, Royal. Italian, Madeira, European, French, Chile, Caucasian, Manchurian, Circassian walnut; J. rupestris, Texas walnut, New Mexico walnut; J. Sieboldiana, Japanese walnut. Figs. 2011-2019. Lecythis spp. Sapucaia- or Sapucaya-nut. Paradibe-nut. Monkey-pot-nut. Myrtaceae. Fig. 2540. An oblong, irregularly shaped, though somewhat triangular nut, with irregular, longitudinal grooves over its whole surface, and having a rather thick, cork-like shell, which may be easily cut, and a single solid kernel, which considerably resembles that of the Brazil-nut (Bertholletia excelsa) to which it is closely related, but than which it is of much finer texture and of more delicate, pleasing flavor. A quart or more of these nuts are borne in a heavily walled capsule of urn-shape, measuring from 6 to 8 inches in diameter at the middle, in the top of which is a perfectly fitting lid, from 2 to 4 inches across, which is said to be automatically thrown off with a sharp sound, by the contraction of the capsule at maturity. As the weight, which at that time must be from five to eight pounds, has caused the capsule to assume an inverted position, the nuts are scattered upon the ground. The scramble which follows of the monkeys and other small animals of the forest, to be first upon the scene for the nuts, has given this capsule the name of "monkey- pot," and the group of closely related species having similar capsules the name of the "monkey-pot group." These species are native to much the same districts of South America as is the Brazil-nut. Litchi chinensis (Xephelium Litchi). Litchi. Litschi. Lichi. Leechee. Litchee. Chinese-nut. Chinese Hazel. Dawa-nut. Sapindaceae. A brown-colored, warty appearing fruit, in size und form resembling that of a strawberry, with an outer thin, papery shell, within which is a central smooth hard-shelled seed, surrounded by a brownish pulp of a delicious, subacid flavor. The fruit of a low-growing, tender tree, native to China. Under test for some years in Florida and in California. Macadamia ternifolia. Queensland-nut. Australian Hazel- Nut. Australian-nut. Proteoceae. A globular smooth-surfaced nut, of a light, yellowish brown color, 1 inch or less in diameter, with a very hard, rather thick shell, within which is a single kernel, resembling in form that of a hazel, to which it is greatly superior in richness and flavor. The fruit of an evergreen tree from Australia. There are a few trees of this species in California. Fig. 2241. Manketti nuts. Mentioned in the "Daily Consular and Trade Reports," October 23, 1912, as having comprised a trial shipment of 22,500 pounds, which had recently been made to Europe from German southwest Africa, with a view to testing their commercial value. The nuts were said to have been gathered from wild trees in the neighborhood of Tsumed. According to this report, "It is said that the natives and bushmen eat the fruit without any ill effects." Efforts to find reference to the name "manketti" in botanical works have thus far met with failure. It is suspected, however, that the article from which this citation was taken had reference to the palm-nut, Elaeis guineensis. Mauritia fleruosa. Miriti- (Me-rish-i-e), Ita- (I-te) Palm-, or Buriti-Nut. Patmaceae. The wine-colored seed, with flattened ends, of a lofty tropical American palm. This seed, which is about equal in size to that of the Persian walnut, is covered with very regular, close-fitting scales, underneath which is a tough shell, encasing a single ivory-like, globular, and farinaceous kernel about 1 inch in diameter. Much used as a food by the natives. Moringa oleifera (M. pterygosperma). Ben-nut. Moringaceae. The seeds of a species of small tree native to tropical Asia, from which is expressed the ben-nut oil, largely used in the manufacture of perfumery. Seeds small, papery white, winged, triangular and resembling buckwheat grains in form. Figs. 2387, 2388. Nelumbo lutea. Nelumbo. Nelumbium. American Lotus. Water Chinquapin. Water-nut. Rattle-nut. Nymphaceae. The small dark blue, nearly spherical seed of the American lotus or great water lily. About ½ inch in diameter, with smooth surface and a strong shell, within which is an edible kernel. Nelumbo nucifera is eaten in China as a nut. Ophiocaryon paradoxum. Snake-nut of Guiana. Sabiaeceae, Described by Fuller, viz.: "A large, roundish fruit, about the sire of a black walnut, the product of a large tree of the soapberry family, native of British Guiana. This nut takes its name of 'snake-nut* from the peculiar form of the embryo of the seed, which is curled up spirally. "The Indiana, thinking there must be some virtue in form, use these nuts as an antidote for snake-bites, although so far as known to science they do not possess any medicinal properties." Panax trifolium. Ground-nut. Araliaceae. The globose, pungent-tasting nut of the dwarf ginseng of the northern states. Of about the size of a radish. Parkia africana. Nitta- or Nutta-nut. Leguminosae. Edible seeds, borne within the long clustered pods of the African locust tree. The pods, containing a sweetish farinaceous pulp within which the seeds are imbedded, are eaten entire, as is the carob or St. John's bread. Pasania cornea. Edible Acorn. Fagaceae. The seed of an evergreen tree of China, closely related to the oak. Now being tried out in this country by the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction, which says regarding it: "The nuts are as thick-walled as hickory-nuts; the kernels are white and of characteristic shape, and have a sweet, very agreeable flavor. In China, they are sold on the markets as are chestnuts here." The nuts are very broad in proportion to their length, presenting a flattish appearance. Pasania cuspidata. Edible Acorn. Fagaceae. Described by the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction, by which it is being tested in this country, with stock from a Yokohama nursery, as being "A small acorn, edible and sweet, when ripe or after frost, boiled or roasted." From Formosa, Korea, and milder parts of China. Phytelephas Seemannii. Ivory-, Tagua-, Taqua-, or Vegetable Ivory-nut. Negro's-head. Palmaceae. The rounded, somewhat wedge-shaped seeds, or nuts of a low-growing reclining Central American palm, which in size and form greatly resemble very large chestnuts. Each nut is covered with a smooth, thin but strong shell of a light yellowish color, mottled with brown. The flesh is solid, pure white, or creamy white, and capable of taking a very high polish. When cut or turned, they are used as a substitute for ivory in the manufacture of buttons, toys, and various kinds of ornamental work. These seeds are borne in large compound chambers compactly joined together into heads a foot or more in diameter and covered with a sharp thorny surface, of a gray color. Each chamber contains from four to nine of the nuts, each of which is encased within its own shell. The manufacturing of useful articles from ivory-nuts for the household is a very important industry in Germany, Hamburg being one of the chief centers. Pinus spp. Pine-nut. Indian-nut. Pinon (Pin-yon). Pignolia. Pignon. Pinaceae. The seeds of a considerable number of both foreign and American pines having rich, edible kernels which form an important article of food in many sections where the species are indigenous. Probably the largest of edible pine seeds are those of the Araucarian pines of Chile, of which there are several species. Not infrequently, seeds of these pines exceed 2 inches in length. Of commonest appearance in our American markets are the seeds of the stone pine, P. Pinea, of southern Europe, which are sold under the names of "pignolia," or "pine-nuts," and to an increasing extent under the Mexican name "piflon," which originally was applied only to the seeds of certain American pines of the Southwest. As marketed, these nuts usually appear without the shells, in which condition they greatly resemble puffed rice. Although some 12 or 15 species of American pines yield edible nuts, their product is seldom seen in any but the western markets, as it is largely consumed locally by the Indians of the Southwest and the Mexicans. These nuts are known as "pifions,""pine-nuts," and "Indian-nuts." While none of the seeds of the American group are large, they vary greatly in size, form, and color. In flavor of kernel they are much alike. Usually they are irregular in form, longer than thick, sometimes slender but generally of about the same diameter each way. They range from ⅛ to ⅞ inch in length. In color they run from a light yellow, on one side at the basal end, to a brownish black at the opposite end, with a coffee-brown probably predominating. The following list includes the names of the more important pines which bear edible nuts: Araucaria braziliana, Chile; A. imbricata, monkey puzzle, Chile; Pinus albicaulis, white bark pine, western United States; P. cembroides, Arizona pifion, southwestern United States; P, Coulteri, big-cone or Coulter's pine, western United States; P. edulis, pifion, southwestern United States; P. Jeffreyi, black pine, western United States; P. Lambertiana, sugar, shade, gigantic, or purple-coned pine, western United States; P. monophylla, single-leaf, or gray pine, western United States; P. monticola, mountain, finger-cone, or western white pine, western United States; P. Parryana, Parry's pine, or Mexican pifion, western Mexico; P. Pinea, stone pine, seeds called pine-nuts, pignolia, pifion, and pignon, southern Europe; P. Sabiniana, digger or gray-leaf pine, western United States; P. Torreyana, Torrey, Soledad, or Delmar pine, southern California. Pistacia vera. Pistache. Pistachio-Nut. Green Almond. Fistiche. A nacardiaceae. Fig. 2539. A small nut about ¾ inch long and slightly more than half as thick, which usually appears in the market with its thin, brittle shell partially split open, and with its kernel having a distinct salty taste. This is the seed of a Syrian tree which has been split open while maturing and which later has been roasted and salted. Typical kernels arc of a distinct greenish color throughout and have a mild agreeable flavor. When ground, these kernels are used to a very large extent to afford the color and flavor of certain confections, especially ice-cream. Trees of P. vera are fairly common in nut orchards of interior southern California, New Mexico and western Texas. Prunus Amygdalus. Almond. Rosaceae. Familiar products in all nut markets. To a considerable extent the form of the almond resembles that of an oyster-shell, although there is a very great variation in the length and width of the nuts of different varieties. Some are long and narrow, others short and thick, while still others range between. The shells of some are very thin, breaking readily when crushed together with one hand. These are called paper-shells. Others, called hardshells, require a sharp blow with a hammer for cracking. Almonds ranging between the hard and the paper-shells are called soft-shells. As they appear in the markets, almonds usually are of a uniform light yellowish color, which has been given them by artificial bleaching. The normal color is of a rather dull yellow, or as in the case of the hardshells, a brown closely resembling that of a peach pit. At present the almond is the third most important nut crop in the United States, the first being that of the Persian or English walnut, and the second, the pecan. The entire output from this country is produced from beyond the Rocky Mountains, mainly from the Sacramento Valley of California. Pterocarya fraxinifolia. Winged Walnut. Caucasian Walnut. Juglandaceae. Small, angular, winged seeds, having hard shells, of a tree, native to western Asia. Of no economic importance. This and several other species of Pterocarya are employed to a considerable extent as ornamentals in the milder portions of temperate America. Pycnocoma macrophylla. Bomah-nut. Boma- Bome. Euphorbiaceae. The seed of an African shrub used in tanning, and which yields a fixed oil. Pyrularia pubera. Buffalo-nut. Oil-Nut. Elk-nut. Santalaceae. The small seed of a pear-shaped drupe, which is the fruit of an eastern American shrub native from Pennsylvania to Georgia, About 1 inch long, subglobose, thin-shelled, and containing a kernel rich in oil and of a strong acid flavor. Without economic value. Sapium sebiferum (Stillingia sebifera). Tallow-nut. Chinese Tallow-nut. Euphorbiaceae. The whitish colored fruits, about ⅛ inch in diameter, of a Chinese tree. Borne singly in three-chambered capsules. The nuts consist of relatively large, brown seeds, having hard shells with a thick coating of a fatty substance, which is used in various ways as a substitute for animal tallow. From China and Japan. Semecarpus anacardium. Marking-nut. Marany-nut., Marsh-nut. Oriental Cashew. Anacardiaceae. Fig. 2539. The black, lobe-like, somewhat contorted seed of about 1 inch in length, by ¾ inch wide, and ⅛ inch thick, of an evergreen tree native to the warmer parts of Asia. A very useful ink is made by mixing lime with the green juice of these seeds. It is said that to a considerable extent the natives roast and eat these seeds. Unless roasted, these nuts should be handled with great precaution, as in the raw condition they possess extremely poisonous properties similar to those of the American poisons, ivy and sumac, and the cashew to which it is closely related. Staphylea trifolia. American Bladder-nut. Staphyleaceae. The fruit of a shrub common in eastern and northern tinted States. Triangular in form, measuring from 1¼ to 1¾ inches in length by about ¾ inch in width, covered with a thin papery shell of a reddish brown or buckwheat color, and having a rather long, sharp point at the apex. Fruit three-celled, each cell containing several (usually three) small, smooth and very hard shining seeds. Fruits remain on shrubs during winter. Of use only as ornamentals. Strychnos potatorum. Clearing-nut. Indian Gum-nuts. Water-filter-nut. Loganiaceae. The seed of an oriental tree, which is largely employed by the natives because of its power of causing impurities in water to settle to the bottom. Receptacles in which water is to be placed are vigorously rubbed with one of the nuts; later the water is poured in and the impurities quickly unite together at the bottom, leaving the water perfectly clear. Telfairia pedata. Tabebuia. Cucurbitaceae. Fig. 2539. The thin, broad seed, in form resembling a longitudinal section of a shortened tulip bulb, of a rapidly growing tropical climber from Africa. Typical specimens measure about IK inches in length, by slightly more in width, and about H inch in thickness. They are covered with a tough fibrous seedcoat of a straw-color. Within this is a solid palatable kernel, resembling the Brazil-nut greatly in texture and somewhat in flavor. Terminalia catappa. Tropical Almond. Demarara Almond. Malabar Almond. Myrobolan-nut. Tavola-nut. Combretaceae. The oblong, broad-oval, smooth-surfaced seed, with a sharp ridge marking the sutures on the two sides, of a very tall deciduous tree of southern Asia. The long and very slender kernel, encased within the thick porous husk of this seed is said to have an almond-like flavor. Theobroma Cacao. Chocolate-nut. Chocolate-bean. Sterculiaceae. The dark reddish brown, bean-like seeds of a small genus of tropical America which affords the cacao butter of commerce. These seeds are about ⅞ inch long, by ½ inch wide and ⅜ inch thick. Thespesia populnea. Portia-nut. Malvaceae. The small obovoid brown seeds of a tree, native to tropical parts of the Old World. Seeds have a netted veined surface, yellowish brown pubescence on inner edges, especially at apex, and a thin but stout shell. Portia-nuts yield an oil used as an illuminant. Torreya nucifera. Torrey-nut. False Nutmeg. Taxaceae. The small brown-colored, somewhat mottled, thin-shelled, oblong- oval seeds, of a good-sized coniferous tree native to Japan. Eaten either raw or roasted. Trapa natans. Water Chestnut. Water Caltrops. Water-Nor. Horn Chestnut. Jesuit Chestnut. Trapacem. Fig. 2539. The seed of a water-plant of southern Europe, much sought after by the natives for their agreeable kernels which become inedible with the hardening of the shell. In form, these nuts arc very irregular, measuring from 2 to 3 inches between the tips of the short stout horns, and about 1 inch in depth through the irregularly shaped head of the nut. These nuts are of a slatish brown color and their surface is quite smooth. Trapa bispinosa. Singhara-nut. Trapaceae. Fig. 2539. Southern Asia and northern Africa. According to Watt, in the "Commercial Products of India," "This aquatic plant has been grown in India from the most ancient times. ... In certain parts of the country the kernels are ground down and employed for making the colored powder (gulal) used during the Holy festival." They are also used medicinally and as a staple article of food. In growing, the nuts "mature under water" and are "gathered in November and December." In certain sections it is "extensively cultivated, e. g., in Kashmir, the United and Central Provinces, etc. "The kernel abounds in starch, and is eaten cither raw or cooked, especially by the Hindus. It may be boiled whole, after soaking a night in water, roughly broken up and made into a sort of porridge, or ground to meal and into chapattis." THE COMMON NAMES OF NUTS WITH THEIR TECHNICAL EQUIVALENTS, UNDER WHICH THE NUTS ARE DESCRIBED. Acajou......................…Anacardium occidentale. Acorn, edible …………….Pasania cornea. Acorn, edible ……………..Pasania cuspidata. Almond (of commerce).. Prunus Amygdalus. Almond, Demarara …….Terminalia Catappa. Almond, earth ………….Cyperus esculentus. Almond, green ………….Pistacia vera. Almond, Java …………..Canarium luzonicum. Almond, Malabar ………Terminalia Catappa. Almond, Peruvian ………Caryocar sp. Almond, tropical ……..Terminalia Catappa. Areca-nut …………………Areca Catechu. Ar-nut …………………….. Bunium Bulbocastanum. Australian-nut………….. Macadamia ternifolia. Barbados-nut……………. Jatropha Curcas. Beazor-nut …………………Guilandina Bonduc Beech-nut …………………. Fagus grandiflora. Ben-nut……………………… Moringa oleifera. Betel-nut…………………… Areca Catechu. Bissy-bissy-nut……………Cola acuminata. Bitter-nut ………………… Carya cordiformis Budder-nut, American….. Staphylea trifolia. Boma-nut ……………………Pycnocoma macrophylla. Bomah-nut ………………..Pycnocoma macrophylla. Borac-nut.. ……………….Pycnocoma macrophylla. Bread-nut... ...............Brosimum Alicastrum. Bread-nut ………………….Corylus Avellana. Buffalo-nut…………………Pyrularia oleifera. Buriti-nut... ………………..Mauritia flexuosa. Butternut……………………Bertholletia excelsa. Butternut…………………. Caryocar nuciferum. Butternut …………………Juglans cinerea Butternut, Guiana..... Caryocar sp. Butter tree……………….Butyrospermum Parhii. Cachew-nut ………………Anacardium occidentale. Cahoun-nut………………. Attalea Cohune. Caja-nut ……………………Anacardium occidentale. Cajou-nut ………………….Anacardium occidentale. Candle-nut ………………..Aleurites molluccana. Cashew-nut………………. Anacardium occidentale. Cashew, oriental ………Semecarpus Anacardium. Castana ……………………Bertholletia excelsa. Castanea. ................. Bertholletia excelsa. Chestnut, American Sweet ……Castanea dentata. Chestnut, Australian …………….Castanospermum australe. Chestnut, Cape ……………………..Calodendrum capensis. Chestnut, Chinese…………………..Castanea mollissima. Chestnut, creeping ………………Castanea alnifolio. Chestnut, dwarf …………………Castanea pumila. Chestnut, earth... .. ……………Bunium Bulbocastanum. Chestnut, European …………..Castanea sativa. Chestnut, Fiji ……………………..Inocarpus edulis. Chestnut, French.... . . .. ……Castanea sativa. Chestnut horn……………………Trapa natans. Chestnut, horse..................Aesculus Hippocastanum. Chestnut, Italian ………………Castanea sativa. Chestnut, Japanese …………Castanea crenata. Chestnut, Jesuit ……………….Trapa natans. Chestnut, Moreton Bay …..Castanospermum australe. Chestnut, Otaheite …………..Inocarpus edulis. Chestnut, Polynesian ………Inocarpus edulis. Chestnut, Spanish ……………Castanea sativa. Chestnut, South Sea …………Inocarpus edulis. Chestnut, Tahitian ……………Inocarpus edulis. Chestnut, water ……………..Trapa natans. Chestnut, wild ………………...Calodendrum capensis. Chilean-nut ……………………..Gevuina Avellana. Chinese-nut ……………………Litchi chinensis. Chinese tallow-nut ………..Sapium sebiferum. Chinquapin .. …………………Castanea pumila. Chocolate-nut ………………Theobroma Cacao. Chufa …………………………..Cyperus esculentus. Clearing-nut ……………….Strychnos potatorum. Cob-nut ……………………..Corylus Avellana. Coconut …………………..Cocoa nucifera. Coconut, dwarf ………..Jubaea spectabilis. Coconut, monkey's ….Jubaea spectabilis. Cohune-nut …………..Attalea Cohune. Coker-nut …………….Jubaea spectabilis. Cola-nut ……………..Cola acuminata. Coquilla-nut………… Attalea funifera. Coquita-nut ………..Jubaea spectabilis. Cream-nut …………Bertholletia excelsa. Dawa-nut …………..Nephelium Litchi. Doom-nut………….Hyphaene crinita. Doum-nut…………Hyphaene crinita. Durian-nut……….Durio zibethinus. Earth-nut………….Bunium Bulbocastanum. Edible rush……….Cyperus esculentus. Elk-nut……………...Pyrulana oleifera. Filbeard…………….Corylus Avellana. Filberd……………..Corylus Avellana. Filbert……………..Corylus Avellana. Filbert, Lambert’s..Corylus maxima. Fistiche-nut ………Pistacia vera. Fox-nut ………………Euryale ferox. French physic-nut…Jatropha Curcas. Ginkgo-nut ………….Ginkgo biloba. Goober ……………….Arachis hypogaea, Goora-nut …………Cola acuminata. Gorgon-nut ……….Euryale ferox. Gorra-nut ………….Cola acuminata. Groundnut ………..Apios tuberosa. Groundnut ………...Arachis hypogaea. Groundnut …………Panax trifolium. Ground pea ……….Arachis hypogaea. Guru-nut …………..Cola acuminata. Hale-nut …………..Corylus Avellana. Hawk-nut ……………. Bunium Bulbocastanum. Hazel, American ….Corylus americana. Hazel, Australian …Macadamia ternifolia. Hazel, beaked …….. Corylus rostrata. Hazel, California …..Corylus californica. Hazel, Chile …………..Gevuina Avellana. Hazel, Chinese …….Litchi chinensis. Hazel, Constantinople..Corylus Colurna. Hazel, European …..Corylus Avellana. Hazel-nut ……………..Corylus sp. Heart-nut ………………Juglans cordiformis. Hickory, big bud……. Carya alba. Hickory, big shellbark.. Carya laciniosa. Hickory, bitter-nut ………Carya cordiformis. Hickory, bottom shellbark ..Carya laciniosa. Hickory, bull-nut ……………Carya alba. Hickory, false shagbark……. Carya ovalis. Hickory, king-nut …………Carya laciniosa. Hickory, little scalybark …Carya ovata. Hickory, little shagbark…..Carya ovata. Hickory, little shellbark…… Carya ovata. Hickory, mocker-nut ………..Carya alba. Hickory, nutmeg ………………Carya myristicaeformia. Hickory, pignut …………………Carya glabra. Hickory, scaly bark …………..Carya lacinioaa. Hickory, scalybark ……..Carya ovata. Hickory, shagbark …………Carya ovata. Hickory, shellbark …………Carya lacinioaa. Hickory, email pignut ……Carya ovalia. Hickory, swamp …………….Carya cordiformis. Hickory, water ……………….Carya aquatica. Hyphaene-nut ………………Hyphaene crinita. Illinois-nut …………………….Carya Pecan. Illipe-nut ……………………….Bassia latifolia. Illupi-nut ……………………….Bassia latifolia. Indian-nut ……………………Pinus sp. Indian gum-nut …………..Strychnos potatorum. Ita palm-nut ………………..Mauritia flexuosa. Ivory-nut …………………….Phytelephas Seemannii. Jesuit's chestnut ………..Trapa natans. Jicara-nut …………………Crescentia Cujete. Juba-nut ………………….Jubaea spectabilis. Jur-nut ……………………Bunium Bulbocastanum. Juvia-nut …………………Bertholletia excelsa. Kipper-nut ………………Bunium Bulbocastanum. Kola-nut ………………….Cola acuminata. Kolla-nut ………………….Cola acuminata. Korra-nut …………………Cola acuminata. Kukui ……….……………..Aleuritea molluccana. Leechee ………………….Litchi chinensis. Lichi …………….Litchi chinensis. Li tehee ………Litchi chinensis. Litchi …………..Litchi chinensis. Litschi ………..Litchi chinensis. Lotus, American …Nelumbo lutea. Lousy-nut ……………Bunium Bulbocastanum. Lumbang ………………Aleuritcs sp. Luzon-nut …………….Canarium luzonicum. Madeira-nut …………Juglans regia, Manila-nut …………..Arachis hypogaea. Manketti-nut ……….Manketti nut. Marany-nut ………….Semecarpus Anacardium. Marking-nut ………..Semecarpus Anacardium. Marsh-nut …………Semecarpus Anacardium. Miriti-nut ……………Mauritia flexuosa. Monkey-nut ……….Anacardium occidentale. Monkey-nut ………..Arachis hypogaea. Monkey-pot-nut ….Lecythis sp. Monkey's coconut ..Jubaea spectabilis. Mu-yu …………………..Aleurites molluccana. Myrobalan-nut ……..Terminalia Catappa. Negro's head ………..Phytelephas Seemannii. Nelumbium-nut …….Nelumbo lutea. Nelumbo-nut ………..Nelumbo lutea. Nickar-nut ……………Guilandina Bonduc. Nicker-nut…………. Guilandina Bonduc. Nigger-toe …………Bertholletia excelsa. Nitta-nut …………….Parkia africana. Nutta-nut ………….Parkia africana. Oil-nut ……………..Pyrularia oleifera. Ombene …………..Cola acuminata. Palm-nut ………….Elaeis guineeneis. Para-nut ……………Bertholletia excelsa. Paradise-nut ……..Lecythis sp. Paradox …………….Hybrid walnut. Peanut ……………..Arachis hypogaea. Pecan ……………….Carya Pecan. Pecan, bitter ……..Carya aquatica. Pekea-nut ………….Caryocar nuciferum. Philbert ……………..Corylus Avellana. Philippine-nut ……Canarium luzonicum. Phillo-nut ……………Canarium luzonicum. Physic-nut ………….Jatropha Curcas. Pignolia ………………Pinus Pinea. Pignon ……………..Pinus Pinea. Pig-nut……………… Carya glabra. Pig-nut …………... Bunium Bulbocastanum. Pili-nut ……………Canarium luzonicum. Pili-nut …………….Canarium ovatum. Pinang ……………..Areca Catechu. Pindar... …………Arachia hypogaea. Pine-nut …………Pinus sp. Pinon……………. Pinus sp. Pistache ……….Pistacia sp. Pistachio ……... Pistacia sp. Portia-nut…….. Thespesia populnea. Purging-nut …….Jatropha Curcas. Quandang ………Fusanus acuminatus. Quandong ………Fusanus acuminatus. Queensland-nut..Macadamia ternifolia, Rattle-nut ……….Nelumbo lutea. Royal-nut ……….Juglans regia. Royal-nut ……….Walnut hybrid. Rush-nut …………Cyperus esculentus. Sapucaia-nut …….Lecythis sp. Sapucaya-nut…… Lecythis sp. Shea-nut …………Butyrospermum Parkii. Singhara-nut …..Trapa bispinosa. Snake-nut ……….Ophiocaryon paradoxum. Souari-nut ……….Caryocar nuciferum. Tabebui ………….Telfairia pedata. Tagua-nut ………Phytelephas Seemannii. Taqua-nut ………Phytelephas Seemannii. Tallow-nut ……Sapium sebiferum. Tavola-nut …….Terminalia Catappa. Temperance-nut …..Cola acuminata. Torrey-nut …………….Torreya nucifera. Tung-yu …………………Aleurites fordii. Tuscatine ………………Carya ovata. Vegetable, ivory-nut.. Phytelephas Seemannii. Walnut, American black .Juglans nigra. Walnut, Arizona ………….Juglans major. Walnut, Australian …….Juglans australis. Walnut, black ……………Juglans californica, Hindsii, major, nigra and ruptxtria. Walnut, Bolivian ………Juglans boliviensis. Walnut, California black ..Juglans californica and Hindsii. Walnut, Caucasian ……….Pterocarya fraxinifolia. Walnut, Chile ………………Juglans regia. Walnut. Circassian……….. Juglans regia. Walnut, country ………….Aleurites molluccana. Walnut, eastern black …..Juglans nigra. Walnut, English …………….Juglans regia. Walnut, European ……….Juglans regia. Walnut, French …………..Juglans regia. Walnut, Italian …………..Juglans regia. Walnut, Japanese …….Juglans cordiformia, Sieboldiana, and mandschurica. Walnut, Madeira ……..Juglans regia. Walnut, Manchurian… Juglans regia and mandshurica. Walnut, New Mexico ...Juglans rupestris. Walnut, Paradox …….Juglans hybrid. Walnut, Persian …..Juglans regia. Walnut, royal ………Juglans hybrid. Walnut, royal ………Juglans regia. Walnut, Spanish ….Aleurites molluccana. Walnut, Tahiti …….Aleurites molluccana. Walnut, Texas……… Juglans rupestris. Walnut, white……. Juglans cinerea. Walnut, white ……..Carya laciniosa. Walnut, white ………Carya ovata. Walnut, winged ……Pterocarya fraxinifolia. Water caltrops ……..Trapa natans. Water chestnut ……..Trapa natans. Water chinquapin …Nelumbo lutea. Water-filter-nut ……Strychnos potatorum. Water-nut ………………Nelumbo lutea. Water-nut ……………..Trapa natans. Wood-oil-nut ………..Aleurites Fordii. Yer-nut …………………Bunium Bulbocastanum.
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