Matthiola

Matthiola subsp. var.
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Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

Matthiola (Peter Andrew Matthioli, 1500-1577, Italian physician and writer on plants). Sometimes (and originally) spelled Mathiola. Cruciferae. Stock. Gilliflower, when used at the present day, means Matthiola or sometimes Cheiranthus; formerly it designated Dianthua Caryophyllus. Familiar flower-garden and florists' subjects. From Cheiranthus, the wallflower, this genus differs in its winged seeds, which are as broad as the partition. the stigma-lobes erect or connivent and often thickened on the outside, the silique not 4-sided (terete or compressed). Of Matthiolas there are probably 50 species, widely distributed in the Old World and Austral., 2 in S. Afr. They are herbs or subshrubs, tomentose, with oblong or linear-entire or sinuate lvs., and large, mostly purple fls. in terminal racemes or spikes. The true stocks (Fig. 2334) are of this genus. The Virginian stocks are diffuse small-flowered annuals of the genus Malcomia (which see). Stocks are of two general types, — the autumn-blooming, Queen or Brompton stocks, and the summer-blooming, ten-weeks or intermediate stocks. By some persons these classes are made to represent two species, M. incana and M. annua respectively. It is probable, however, that they are garden forms of one polymorphous type. Even if distinct originally, it is not possible now to distinguish them by definite botanical characters. — Stocks are amongst the most common of all garden flowers. The two types cover the entire blooming season, particularly if the earlier ones are started indoors. Most of the garden forms are double, although some of the single types are desirable for the definiteness and simplicity of their outlines. The colors are most various, running from white through rose, crimson, purple and parti-colored. The flowers are fragrant. For culture and for further discussion of the plant, see Stock. M. coronopifolia, DC. Perennial, somewhat woody at base, hoary-pubescent: lvs. linear-oblong, sinuate-lobed or somewhat pinnatifid: petals wavy, vinous purple. Sicily. B.M. 7750.—M.maderensis, Lowe. Woody at base, spreading: lvs. long-lanceolate, acute, soft-tomentose, usually entire: fls. pale violet, or violet-purple, rarely white, fragrant. Madeira. Gt. 1:354.—M. pedemontana, Hort. Apparently a form of M. varia: fls. light rosy purple: decorative for the rock-garden. G. C. III. 53:149.—M sinuata var. oyensis, Rouy. & Fouc. (M. oyensis, Menier), is figured in B. M. 7703, where it is said that "the name oyensis has been corrupted in gardens to ohiensis and chinensis." The plant is from the Ile d'Yeu (Insula Oya, whence the name) on the coast of France. It is an annual or biennial, with sinuate-toothed lvs., hairy, and with large white fragrant fls. Not known to be in cult, in this country.—M. varia, DC., Italy and Greece, a variable species, some forms of which may appear in cult. Perennial: lvs. linear, obtuse, entire, canescent: petals oval, undulate, purplish. The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

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References

• Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

External links

• w:Matthiola. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
• Matthiola QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)