Rhamnus cathartica

subsp. var.
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Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

Rhamnus cathartica, Linn. Buckthorn. Hart's-thorn. Waythorn. Rhineberry. Fig. 3370. Shrub or small tree, attaining 12 ft., usually thorny: lvs. oval to elliptic or ovate, usually rounded at the base or cordate, obtuse or acute, crenulate- serrate, beneath green, glabrous or pubescent, 1 3/4-3 in. long: fls. in 2-5-fld. clusters, with 4 petals: fr. black, about 1/4in. across; seed with a furrow usually open only at the base. Eu., W. and N. Asia; often escaped from cult, and naturalized in the E. U. S. B.B. (ed. 2) 2:502. Gng. 9:2. H.W. 3, p. 56. The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

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References

• Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

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